Education & Debate
نویسندگان
چکیده
Passive immunisation has been used in clinical practice since the end of last century, mainly for prophylaxis. Success of early treatments was marred by anaphylactic reactions and serum sickness because antibodies or antitoxins were not raised in humans. Recombination of gene segments during antibody synthesis means that specific antibodies for numerous antigens can be produced from a limited gene pool. Killer lymphocytes, phagocytes, and complement then bind to the constant region of the antibody facilitating elimination of the pathogen. Development of a method of obtaining large quantities of antibodies against a specific antigen (monoclonal antibodies) offers the possibility of initiating host defence mechanisms against any unwanted antigen, though some problems still remain in preventing the body. from attacking the monoclonal antibody.
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To be an entrepreneurial university nowadays seems to be an attractive, convincing, modern vision for many higher education institutions and their leaders. The article goes through reflections on who will say what to whom when using the expression “entrepreneurial university” and it will show that there are at least four debates about entrepreneurial challenges to universities. The first deb...
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